Genital Warts Virus Types Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes warts and anogenital malignancy. HPV can reside in epithelial basal cells and lead to subclinical or latent infection. Numerous types of HPV viruses have been identified. These HPV types also are categorized…
Sexually Transmitted Disease Presentations Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can present as follows: Genital ulcers or sores Urethral discharge Vaginal discharge Cervical infection Lower abdominal pain Inguinal bubo Scrotal swelling Rectal or pharyngeal inflammation Papules The Centers for Disease Control and…
Skin Infections The two Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci account for the majority of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). S. aureus invades skin and causes impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, and furuncles. Elaboration of toxins by S.…
Papulosquamous diseases are a group of disorders characterized by scaly papules and plaques. These entities have little in common except the clinical characteristics of their primary lesion. A complete list of diseases characterized by scaly plaques appears in the section…
Acne Acne, a disease of the pilosebaceous unit, appears in males and females who live in westernized societies and are near puberty, and in most cases acne becomes less active as adolescence ends. The intensity and duration of activity vary…
Urticaria, also referred to as hives or wheals, is a common and distinctive cutaneous reaction pattern. Hives may occur at any age; up to 20% of the population will have at least one episode. Hives may be more common in…
The term atopy was introduced years ago to designate a group of patients who had a personal or family history of one or more of the following diseases: hay fever, asthma, very dry skin, and eczema. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is…
Contact dermatitis is an eczematous dermatitis caused by exposure to substances in the environment. Those substances act as irritants or allergens and may cause acute, subacute, or chronic eczematous inflammation. To diagnose contact dermatitis one must first recognize that an…
Eczema (eczematous inflammation) is the most common inflammatory skin disease. Although the term dermatitis is often used to refer to an eczematous eruption, the word means inflammation of the skin and is not synonymous with eczematous processes. Recognizing a rash…
Topical Therapy A wide variety of topical medications are available for treating cutaneous disease (see Formulary). Specific medications are covered in detail in the appropriate chapters, and the basic principles of topical treatment are discussed here. The skin is an…