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Coarctation of the Aorta Definition and Morphology Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a complex cardiovascular disorder, and, as part of a generalized arteriopathy, a lifelong disease that persists after treatment. It was Morgagni who, in 1760, first described CoA,…

Definition and Morphology Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are openings in the ventricular septum and occur both in isolation and in conjunction with other cardiac defects. The classification of VSDs is based on the location of the defect within the ventricular…