1 What is the word syncope derived from? According to text in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on the Management of Syncope, the word syncope is derived from the Greek words syn , meaning “with,” and the verb…
1 Which are more common, primary cardiac tumors or metastatic tumors to the heart? Overall, cardiac tumors are rare, and metastatic tumors to the heart, also called secondary tumors, are markedly more common than primary cardiac tumors. Metastatic involvement of…
1 What is the first step to do if you are alone and come across an unresponsive adult victim with no signs of breathing? Activate an emergency response system and get an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available in the…
This chapter addresses the long-term management of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced (depressed) ejection fraction (HFrEF). The management of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is discussed in Chapter 23 . The management of patients…
1 What are the electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction? Criteria for the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) derive from criteria established for the administration of thrombolytic therapy, which evolved in the late 1980s…
1 What is non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome? It is now recognized that unstable angina, non–Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), non–ST-segment elevation MI, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are all part of a continuum of the pathophysiologic process in which a…
1 Can a patient with new-onset chest pain have chronic stable angina? The term “chronic stable angina” refers to angina that has been stable in frequency and severity for at least 2 months and with which the episodes are provoked…
1 Are most emergency room visits for chest pain caused by acute coronary syndromes? No. Acute coronary syndromes (e.g., unstable angina, myocardial infarction) account for only a small percentage of emergency room (ER) visits for chest pain. Depending on the…
1 What are the major indications for ambulatory electrocardiography monitoring? Ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) monitoring allows the noninvasive evaluation of a suspected arrhythmia during normal daily activities. It aids in the diagnosis, documentation of frequency, severity, length of episodes, and correlation…
1 Describe a systematic approach to interpreting a chest radiograph (chest x-ray). Common recommendations are to: 1. Begin with general characteristics such as the age, gender, size, and position of the patient. 2. Next examine the periphery of the film,…