Spasticity is defined as a velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement of a joint and its associated musculature and is characterized by hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Disorders are related to the failure of descending supraspinal inhibition. Spasticity should not be…
38.1 Introduction When chronic pain becomes refractory to medications and all available medical arsenal, one can have recourse to functional neurosurgery. Chronic pains are of many kinds. Main varieties include pain due to the alteration of the musculoskeletal apparatus, complex…
35.1 Introduction Spasticity should only be treated when excess of tone leads to functional impairment, discomfort, pain, and deformities. Functional neurosurgery can be a recourse when spasticity cannot be controlled by physical therapy, relaxant medications, and botulinum toxin injections. Spasticity…