Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents a final common pathway for many types of cardiovascular disease. Multiple overlapping frameworks for classifying HF exist ( see also Chapters 18, Chapter 31 ). HF can be viewed as…
Despite significant progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease over the past 30 years, national statistics indicate that the incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) continue to rise. This has occurred during a time period in which…
1 What is acute decompensated heart failure? Isn’t it just a worsening of chronic heart failure? Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a clinical syndrome of worsening signs or symptoms of heart failure (HF) requiring hospitalization or other unscheduled medical…
Additional content is available online at Elsevier eBooks for Practicing Clinicians Acute heart failure (AHF) is among the most common causes for hospitalization in patients older than 65 years in the developed world. Increasingly, the spectrum of worsening HF is…