Key Points 1. Every reconstructive plan should be tailored to the individual patient, taking into consideration not only the unique defect but also other perioperative and patient factors. 2. The ideal plan for one patient may not work for another.…
Key Points 1. Formation of the head and neck structures is intimately related to the development of the pharyngeal arches, with each arch carrying an artery, nerve, cartilaginous bar, and muscle. 2. Palate formation requires midline fusion of the medial…
Key Points 1. The six branchial arches form the skeletal and muscular derivatives of the head and neck and the six pharyngeal pouches form the endothelium and glands. Each arch is associated with a nerve and artery. 2. Aberrant embryologic…