Introduction Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of pathological compression fractures and osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine. This procedure represents a valuable treatment option for patients and their families, especially in terms of pain relief and…
Introduction Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is the most common complication of osteoporosis. Osteoporotic VCFs can lead to pain, functional disability, and decreased quality of life. These types of fractures are related to significant rates of morbidity and mortality and, with…
Introduction Although the term involves controversy, failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is defined as lumbar pain with or without radicular symptom that persists or appears after one or several surgical interventions. FBSS is not necessarily the consequence of a failed…
Introduction Myelopathy denotes any neurological deficit related to a pathology of the spinal cord. A spinal cord injury (SCI) can be produced by diverse etiologies such as trauma, ischemia, neoplasms, inflammatory processes, and infection. However, degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is…
Introduction Atlanto-axial (C1-C2) facet joint arthropathy is an underdiagnosed condition closely associated with the development of refractory occipital pain. Prevalence increases with age, ranging from 5% in the sixth decade to 18% in the ninth decade of life. Moreover, the…
Introduction Radiculopathy is one of the most common symptoms derived from degenerative changes in the cervical spine. Radiculopathy is a disorder of the nerve roots and usually manifests as axial pain (neck/low back) radiating to the distribution of the affected…
Introduction C1-C2 pannus most commonly results from both chronic instability of the atlanto-axial segment and an inflammatory process of the atlanto-axial joint (AAJ). These degenerative processes are typically associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cause ligamentous structural destruction. RA affects…