Acknowledgment NIH grant R01DK041274 is acknowledged for financial support. 68.1 Introduction Diarrhea is a global health concern ranked second only to respiratory diseases in worldwide occurrence. In 2015, UNICEF estimated that half a million deaths per year from diarrhea occur…
59.1 Introduction Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium belong to a group of essential chemical elements required to support a variety of biochemical processes by serving structural and functional roles. Although sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms have evolved to maintain serum levels, intracellular levels,…
Acknowledgment NIH grant R01DK041274 is acknowledged for financial support. The first physiological observations suggesting the existence of a Na + /H + exchange mechanism in mammalian membranes were made by Mitchell and Moyle and by Brierley et al. in rat…
Acknowledgments Writing of this chapter was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01-DK-412174 (F.K.G.), R01-DK-33209 (F.K.G.), and R01-DK-73638 (F.K.G. and H. Xu). The mammalian intestinal tract undergoes dramatic changes during the first few weeks of postnatal life. Genetic and…
Three disorders are discussed in this chapter, including α1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, and urea-cycle enzyme defects. α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency The description of α1-antitrypsin deficiency and its association with lung disease was reported in 1963 by Laurell and Eriksson. The association between α1-antitrypsin…