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Definition and Morphology Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is characterized by anomalous or hypertrophied muscle bundles, which cause a form of subvalvar right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, dividing the right ventricle (RV) into a high-pressure proximal chamber and a low-pressure…

Introduction: Morphology This chapter deals with one of the most complex—and difficult to treat surgically—of all congenital cardiac malformations: tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. We focus particularly on tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia (TOF/PA) and major aortopulmonary collateral…