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Key Points Flexible and rigid bronchoscopy are essential diagnostic and therapeutic tools for management of thoracic diseases. Diagnostic yields of navigation/guided bronchoscopy increase with (1) experience of the user, (2) the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging, and…
Introduction The term pneumothorax was first coined by Itard in 1803. Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural space. Traditionally, pneumothorax has been categorized into primary, secondary, traumatic, and iatrogenic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is considered “primary” when…