Biopsy Procedure and Processing of Specimen Trephine biopsy of the bone marrow has wide application in clinical medicine; its greatest utility is in the evaluation of patients with malignant lymphoma, acute leukemias, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), metastatic tumor,…
Normal Anatomy The normal spleen serves as a lymphoid organ as well as a filtering organ. While fetal hematopoiesis occurs in the spleen, the spleen is not normally a hematopoietic organ after birth but may contain evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis…
Normal Anatomy The lymph node is one of the major anatomic components of the immune system. The three major regions of a lymph node are the cortex , paracortex , and medulla ( Fig. 37.1A ). The cortex is situated…
Few hematologic malignancies arise primarily in the spleen; most conditions occurring at this site represent secondary involvement by diseases originating elsewhere in the body. The role of the pathologist in most cases is to confirm the known or suspected diagnosis…
General Approach A great number of changes occur in the bone marrow during and after therapy for malignancy. Although proper interpretation of these changes requires knowledge of the patient's original disease process, some general features are common to all cases.…
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of diseases representing clonal proliferations of immature, nonlymphoid, bone marrow–derived cells that most often involve the bone marrow and peripheral blood and may present in extramedullary tissues. If untreated, AML follows an…
The 2016 revision of the fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms, WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues , is used in this book. The principles of the WHO classification have been…