Atrial septal defects CASE 7-1 Anatomy and imaging of the atrial septum The atrial septum is close to the TEE transducer position and is well visualized, as the normal orientation is perpendicular to the ultrasound beam. From a single high…
TABLE 6-1 Best Views for Assessing Tricuspid Valve ME four-chamber view With probe anteflexed, septal leaflet will be seen adjacent to interventricular septum, and anterior leaflet adjacent to right ventricular free wall. Retroflexion will allow visualization of posterior leaflet adjacent…
Prosthetic valves Normal valves CASE 5-1 Bioprosthetic aortic valve Comments The two major categories of prosthetic valves are tissue valves and mechanical valves. Bioprosthetic (or tissue) valve leaflets are fashioned from bovine pericardium or a porcine aortic valve. The leaflets…
Native valve endocarditis CASE 4-1 Aortic valve endocarditis This 39-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use, uncontrolled diabetes, and chronic pancreatitis had recently undergone a 21-day course of antibiotics for a soft tissue infection of her hand. In…
Aortic valve anatomy CASE 3-1a Normal trileaflet aortic valve CASE 3-1b Bicuspid aortic valve This 47-year-old male presented to the OR for mitral valve repair. Incidentally, a bicuspid aortic valve was detected; however, the systolic opening was normal with a…
TABLE 2-1 The Systematic Mitral Valve Examination Name of View Description of View See Case 2-1 , Normal Mitral Valve Anatomy ME four-chamber view (0 degrees) AML is on left side, adjacent to aortic valve. PML is on right side.…
Visualization of the coronary arteries and regional wall motion CASE 1-1 Normal coronary arteries Comments As shown in these examples, the proximal coronary arteries can often be visualized on TEE. The left main coronary artery arises from the left coronary…