Risk Older age, infants, prior brain injury, DM, surgery, diuretic therapy, altered mental status, insufficient water intake, DI, hypertonic sodium solution (including sodium bicarbonate), hyperalimentation, hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, and hypothalamic injury Perioperative Risks Increased incidence of morbidity and mortality, seizures,…
Risk Pts with renal insufficiency, especially those receiving Mg 2+ -containing cathartics or antacids. Parturients on MgSO 4 therapy. “Runaway” infusion of Mg 2+ during transportation to the OR can cause acute, life-threatening hypermagnesemia. Risk of developing very high serum…
Risk Any pt with plasma K + concentration <5.5 mEq/L Perioperative Risks Muscle weakness and paralysis Cardiac conduction system abnormalities CV collapse: Peaked T waves (6–7 mEq/L) ST depression Prolonged P-R interval and widened QRS (10–12 mEq/L) Ventricular fibrillation or…
Perioperative Risks Pts with normal renal and CV function who have moderate hypercalcemia (11.5–13 mg/dL) have no special preop problems but may exhibit lethargy, anorexia, nausea, and polyuria. Lithium and thiazide diuretics should be held. Severe hypercalcemia (>13 mg/dL) carries…
Risk Incidence within USA of HSV-2 is estimated at 40–60 million (20% of sexually active adults). Approximately 536 million people (16% of population) infected worldwide, most unaware of the disease. Highest prevalence in women, African Americans, and lower socioeconomic groups.…
Risk In USA, 8.5% of adults met DSM-IV criteria for current alcohol use disorder; 30.3% of adults met DSM-IV criteria for lifetime alcohol use disorder. Approximately 10–15% of alcoholics will develop alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Perioperative Risks Mortality rate of…
Risk Incidence in USA: >28 million; maximum prevalence is in 25–55 y of age. Can start as early as 1 y of age; 10–20% of instances occur in children by 20 y of age, with males and females being equally…
Risk Overall incidence: 0.05% in the USA population Most common inflammatory joint disease among men Associated with nephropathy, most commonly nephrolithiasis (10–40% of pts) Also associated with CV disease, specifically an increased risk of myocardial infarction, but also including heart…
Risk Rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can present increased anesthesia risks. Inherited disease of carbohydrate metabolism affecting how the body processes the simple sugar galactose. The primary risk factor is having parents who carry the gene for galactosemia. Life-threatening…
Risk EDS has an overall incidence of 1:10,000-25,000, with no ethnic predisposition. Six major subtypes, each with slightly different and unique phenotypes. Symptoms involve skin, ligaments, joints, and vessels. Perioperative Risks Valvular abnormalities or major vessel dissection/aneurysm Unstoppable bleeding Pneumothorax…