Premature Ovarian Failure

Synonyms/Description

Early menopause

Ovarian insufficiency

Etiology

Premature ovarian failure (POF) occurs in women under the age of 40 and is characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropins. It affects an estimated 1% of women, including 0.1% under age 30. Most cases of POF are idiopathic. There are theories that POF is the result of follicular depletion, accelerated follicular atresia, or other follicular dysfunction. There are rare genetic and chromosomal causes, which generally involve the X chromosome. Other causes of POF include autoimmune oophoritis, chemotherapy or radiation, and surgical removal of the ovaries. Even a simple hysterectomy can lead to premature ovarian failure secondary to vascular disruptions.