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This chapter addresses: Congestive Heart Failure Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Chronic Kidney Disease Liver Disease Von Willebrand Disease Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Delirium Tremens Acute Asthmatic Attack Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Ketoacidosis Acute Myocardial Infarction Hypertension “Greater knowledge grants further humility.” Safe management of the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient requires an understanding of medial comorbidities that may complicate the…
This chapter addresses: Cleft Lip and Palate Nonsyndromic Craniofacial Synostosis Syndromic Craniofacial Synostosis Hemifacial Microsomia Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome A multitude of anomalies and syndromes occur in the head and neck, most of which are beyond the scope of this book. The chapters in this section cover some of the most common anomalies or syndromes associated with the craniomaxillofacial region ( Table 14-1 ). Congenital anomalies…
This chapter addresses: Botulinum Toxin A (Botox) Injection for Facial Rejuvenation Lip Augmentation Rhinoplasty Nasal Septoplasty Cervicofacial Rhytidectomy (Facelift) Upper and Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty Genioplasty Endoscopic Browlift Facial Resurfacing Facial cosmetic surgery in this section refers to soft tissue procedures of the face. In reality, modern facial cosmetic surgery includes procedures that enhance the appearance of the skeleton (orthognathic surgery), esthetic dental implantology and prosthetic rehabilitation,…
This chapter addresses: Posterior Mandibular Augmentation Radial Forearm Free Flap Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Free Fibula Flap for Mandibular Reconstruction Mandibular Reconstruction with Iliac Crest Bone Graft The term reconstructive maxillofacial surgery refers to the wide range of procedures designed to rebuild or enhance soft or hard tissue structures of the maxillofacial region. Ablative tumor surgery (benign or malignant) and traumatic injuries (especially avulsive) commonly demand…
This chapter addresses: Squamous Cell Carcinoma Verrucous Carcinoma Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Neck Dissections Malignant diseases of the oral cavity include a spectrum of neoplastic disorders that can emerge from the cellular structures present in the oral cavity or, less frequently, from metastatic disease to the area. Primary oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of all head and neck malignancies. Malignant diseases of…
This chapter addresses: Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Internal Derangement of the Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis and Arthroscopy Degenerative Joint Disease of the Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint Care of the patient with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders is difficult. At present there is no formal TMJ specialty. There are TMJ interest groups, but many of the members of these groups are not surgeons. Although the majority of…
This chapter addresses: Mandibular Orthognathic Surgery Maxillary Orthognathic Surgery Maxillomandibular Surgery for Apertognathia Distraction Osteogenesis: Mandibular Advancement in Conjunction with Traditional Orthognathic Surgery Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury Computer-Assisted Surgical Simulation: Virtual Surgical Planning for Orthognathic Surgery The practice of orthognathic surgery was popularized in the 1980s, especially after the blood supply of the maxilla became more clearly understood. The procedures have undergone several modifications in surgical…
This chapter addresses: Dentoalveolar Trauma Subcondylar Mandibular Fracture Combined Mandibular Parasymphysis and Angle Fractures Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture Zygomatic Arch Fracture Nasal Fracture Frontal Sinus Fracture Naso-Orbital-Ethmoid Fracture Le Fort I Fracture Le Fort II and III Fractures Orbital Trauma: Fracture of the Orbital Floor Panfacial Fracture Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are the only specialists who have the training to provide complete craniomaxillofacial trauma care that includes…
This chapter addresses: Pleomorphic Adenoma Mucocele and Fibroma Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis Aphthous Ulcers Sialolithiasis Acute Suppurative Parotitis Differential Diagnosis of a Neck Mass Oral Leukoplakia Osteoradionecrosis Pathologic disease of the head and neck encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders with associated maxillofacial or systemic involvement. The increasing number of disorders and surgical treatments further challenge our profession, often demanding additional training and continuing education courses. Several…
This chapter addresses: Posterior Mandibular Implant Supported Fixed Partial Denture Posterior Maxillary Implant Supported Fixed Prostheses Sinus Grafting for Implants Zygomatic Implants Contemporary Treatment Options for Edentulism Computer Assisted Implant Surgery Extraction Socket Preservation for Implant Placement Implants for the Esthetic Zone The number of different dental professionals who place dental implants has increased dramatically during the past decade. This is likely to continue due to…
This section addresses: Third Molar Odontectomy Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket) Surgical Exposure of an Impacted Maxillary Canine Lingual Nerve Injury Displaced Root Fragments During Dentoalveolar Surgery Dentoalveolar surgery is the surgical procedure that oral and maxillofacial surgeons perform most often. These procedures are associated with the dentate segment of the maxilla or mandible, termed the alveolar ridge. They include a variety of procedures, including simple tooth…
This chapter addresses: Ludwig's Angina Buccal and Vestibular Space Abscess Lateral Pharyngeal and Masticator Space Infection Osteomyelitis Odontogenic and nonodontogenic maxillofacial infections are among the oldest disease processes treated by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. They commonly present to the office, or in severe cases to the hospital emergency department. Although the majority of infections can be treated in a nonemergent fashion, early recognition and correct management…
This chapter addresses: Laryngospasm Perioperative Considerations of the Pregnant Patient Respiratory Depression Secondary to Oversedation Inadequate Local Anesthesia Trigeminal Neuralgia Malignant Hyperthermia Emergent Surgical Airway Administration of anesthesia remains an important part of office-based oral and maxillofacial surgery. The most important step in delivering safe and effective anesthesia is preparation. Preparation begins with a thorough knowledge and understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology relevant to…
This chapter addresses: Penicillin Allergy/Anaphylaxis Antibiotic-Associated Colitis Drug-Seeking Behavior Acute Acetaminophen Toxicity Opioid Side Effects Oral Drug-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws Intravenous Drug-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws The use of pharmacotherapy is an important primary or adjunctive modality of treatment in the management of the surgical patient. Antibiotics, anesthetics, and analgesics are the most commonly used medications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Despite appropriate use of…
This chapter addresses: Multilocular Radiolucent Lesion in the Pericoronal Region (Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor [Odontogenic Keratocyst]) Unilocular Radiolucent Lesion of the Mandible Multilocular Radiolucent Lesion in the Periapical Region (Ameloblastoma) Unilocular Radiolucent Lesion in a Periapical Region (Periapical Cyst) Mixed Radiolucent-Radiopaque Lesion (Ossifying Fibroma) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Interpretation of radiographs is a routine part of the daily practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Commonly obtained radiographs…
Surgeons who prefer valve replacement over valve reconstruction often claim that they are uncertain about the long-term benefits of valve reconstruction. Another assertion is that failure following valve repair is generally attributed to the surgeon, whereas a complication after valve replacement can more easily be blamed on the valve itself. Surgeons who are doubtful about their expertise in performing a successful valve repair procedure prefer replacing…
Reoperations are uncommon following a successful valvular reconstruction. When they become necessary, the circumstances of the recurrent dysfunction, the mechanisms involved, and the surgical management are important considerations since accurate knowledge of occasional failures is a condition of technical progress. MITRAL VALVE REOPERATIONS Perioperative Management and Approach Reoperation for a residual or recurrent mitral stenosis or regurgitation requires specific conditions and approaches, which have been extensively…
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