Tissue Harmonic Imaging and Doppler Ultrasound Imaging

Tissue Harmonic Imaging Technical Aspects Fundamental frequency is the original frequency of the acoustic beam emitted from the transducer. Harmonic wave generation is an acoustic phenomenon. Harmonic waves are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. The second harmonic (twice the fundamental frequency) is currently used for tissue harmonic imaging (THI). With THI, the fundamental frequency is eliminated with image processing techniques. THI advantages include improved signal-to-noise…

Abdominal Ultrasound Imaging: Anatomy, Physics, Instrumentation, and Technique

Ultrasonography is low in cost, noninvasive, and highly portable, and it allows real-time imaging in multiple operator-controlled planes. As a result, it is the most widely used cross-sectional imaging modality worldwide. The principal challenge with ultrasonography is greater user-dependence than computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Basic Physics Definition Humans can hear sound that vibrates from 20 Hertz (Hz) to 20,000 Hz. Ultrasound is the…

Fluoroscopic Study of the Abdomen and Fluoroscopic Contrast Media

Fluoroscopy is a type of imaging technique in which real-time movements of body organs and radiopaque contrast material are visualized. During a fluoroscopic examination, the operator or radiologist controls the functions of radiography equipment and x-ray tubes for real-time imaging of the patient. In abdominal imaging, fluoroscopy has a role in the diagnosis of various clinical conditions with gastrointestinal studies, postoperative studies, genitourinary studies, and more.…

Plain Radiography of the Abdomen

Technical Aspects A plain abdominal radiograph must be read with a complete knowledge of the clinical situation. The patient's history and results of the physical examination and laboratory studies are always important to evaluate an acute abdomen, which may be caused by various different diseases. Obtaining plain films with the patient supine and erect and that include the diaphragm is the classic approach. Because chest abnormalities…

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