D efinition —Benign polypoid vulvovaginal lesions of young- to middle-aged women with a striking array of histologic appearances, often associated with pregnancy. Clinical Features Epidemiology Young- to middle-aged women. Multiple lesions are associated with pregnancy. Very rare before menarche. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —A solitary acanthotic and dyskeratotic epidermal proliferation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare disease, most often seen in the head and neck regions. Very rarely involves the vulva. Not an inherited condition (as opposed to Darier's disease). You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —Verruciform xanthoma is a solitary benign verrucous lesion of the vulva that contains foamy histiocytes in the lamina propria. Clinical Features Middle-aged women. Solitary wartlike growth on the genital area. No relationship to human papillomavirus (HPV). You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —Benign squamous tumors caused by infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). In this chapter condyloma includes two verruciform variants: classic condyloma and fibroepithelial papilloma. A third, seborrheic, keratosis-like condyloma will be discussed separately. Clinical Features Epidemiology Very common sexually transmitted tumors that are most commonly (~80%) caused by infection of HPV 6 or 11. Approximately one million women are affected each year. Disease is most…

D efinition —A malignancy arising in the Bartholin's glands or ducts. Clinical Features Epidemiology Very rare. Incidence of approximately one per million. Approximately 75% are squamous carcinomas, and the remainder include adenoid cystic carcinoma; adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS); epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma; and neuroendocrine carcinoma. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a…

D efinition —A slow-growing/indolent malignancy derived from the Bartholin's gland with a tendency for late metastasis. Clinical Features Epidemiology Very rare. Accounts for less than 1% of vulvar malignancies. Wide age range, with an average age in the fourth decade. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —An increase in the number of Bartholin's glands with a generalized loss of architecture. Clinical Features Epidemiology Occurs across a wide age range; however, adenomas generally occur at an older age. Very rare. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —An increase in the number of Bartholin's glands with preservation of normal architecture. Clinical Features Epidemiology Seen in a wide age range. Hyperplasia of Bartholin's glands generally occurs at a younger age than adenoma. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —A benign adnexal tumor with eccrine differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Higher incidence in women and Asians. More frequently identified in trisomy 21 patients. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

PITFALL D efinition —An unusual benign adnexal tumor that exhibits both apocrine and eccrine differentiation and occurs almost exclusively in the vulva. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon. Nearly always seen in postpubertal, but premenopausal, adult women. More frequent in Caucasians. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —Tumor of mammary phenotype arising in ectopic breast tissue. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare. The most popular theory is that this tumor arises in a rudiment of mammary tissue (in the “milk line”) that did not completely regress during development. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in…

D efinition —Adnexal tissue with mammary differentiation in the vulvar region. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare. The most popular theory is that it reflects a rudiment of caudal mammary buds (in the “milk line”) that did not completely regress during development. Other theories include mammary-like anogenital glands that concentrate in the labial sulcus and give rise to “ectopic breast tissue.” You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical…

D efinition —Vaginal cyst of müllerian origin. Clinical Features Epidemiology Relatively uncommon. Derived from müllerian remnants. Wide age range with a median in the fourth decade. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — Cyst formation follows occlusion of Bartholin's duct, which drains Bartholin's glands. Clinical Features Epidemiology Common lesions that happen in all age groups. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —Infection by the neurotropic varicella-zoster virus (VZV), an alpha-herpesvirus. Clinical Features Epidemiology Primary VZV infection, commonly known as chickenpox, occurs predominantly in children. Recurrences occur later in life. Severe, recurrent infections can be seen in the setting of immunodeficiency. Herpes zoster (shingles) is the secondary manifestation of VZV infection. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited…

D efinition —An aggressive infection of the subcutis and fascia. Clinical Features Epidemiology Commonly seen in the setting of diabetes. Predisposing factors include obesity, hypertension, immune compromise, and history of previous trauma. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —An opportunistic infection that commonly occurs in the backdrop of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS infection caused by the organisms Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana . Clinical Features Epidemiology This is a rare, opportunistic disease seen in immunocompromised individuals. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —Infection by trematodes that belong to the superfamily schistosomatidae ( Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma japonicum , and Schistosoma mansoni ). Clinical Features Epidemiology Endemic in Egypt and the Middle East. Genital lesions occur in approximately 5% of patients infected by the trematode. Vulvar manifestations are more commonly seen in younger women. Infection may be acquired by freshwater swimming in endemic areas. You’re Reading a…

D efinition —A sexually transmitted disease, marked by ulceration, caused by the intercellular, gram-negative rod Klebsiella granulomatis . Clinical Features Epidemiology Endemic in tropical and subtropical areas in sexually active adults. Sporadic outbreaks do occur in Western countries. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition —Infection secondary to infection with Haemophilus ducreyi marked by painful ulcers and adenopathy. Clinical Features Epidemiology Most common in tropical and subtropical developing countries. It is more common in males than females and is commonly seen in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Chancroid is a risk factor for heterosexual transmission of HIV. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership…