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Hydrothorax
Hydrothorax is a transudative pleural effusion; typically, it is caused by abnormal pressure gradients in the lung.
Etiology
Hydrothorax is most often associated with cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease. It can also be a manifestation of severe nutritional edema and hypoalbuminemia. Rarely, it results from superior vena cava obstruction by neoplasms, enlarged lymph nodes, pulmonary embolism, or adhesions. It may occur from a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, central venous catheter, or peritoneal dialysis.
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