Head

1.1

Forehead, vertex, temple

M. occipitofrontalis and M. temporoparietalis are collectively named the M. epicranius.

M. occipitofrontalis

N. facialis [VII]

O: Venter frontalis: skin of the forehead Venter occipitalis: Linea nuchalis suprema

I: Galea aponeurotica

F: forehead Venter frontalis: wrinkling of the forehead (expression of surprise) Venter occipitalis: smoothens wrinkles of the forehead

M. temporoparietalis

N. facialis [VII]

O: skin of the temple, Fascia temporalis

I: Galea aponeurotica

F: moves the skin of the head downwards, tenses the Galea aponeurotica, although this is not a very distinct function

1.2

Auricle

M. auricularis anterior

N. facialis [VII]

O: Fascia temporalis

I: at the front of the auricle

F: moves the auricle in a superior and anterior direction

M. auricularis superior

N. facialis [VII]

O: Galea aponeurotica

I: at the top of the auricle

F: moves the auricle in a superior and posterior direction

M. auricularis posterior

N. facialis [VII]

O: Proc. mastoideus

I: at the back of the auricle

F: moves the auricle in a posterior direction

1.3

Palpebral fissure

M. orbicularis oculi (surrounds the Aditus orbitae like a sphincter)

N. facialis [VII]

O: Pars orbitalis: Crista lacrimalis anterior, Proc. frontalis of the maxilla, Os lacrimale, Lig. palpebrale mediale Pars palpebralis: Lig. palpebrale mediale Pars lacrimalis (HORNER's muscle): Crista lacrimalis posterior of the Os lacrimale

I: Pars orbitalis: Lig. palpebrale laterale Pars palpebralis: Lig. palpebrale laterale Pars lacrimalis: lacrimal duct, palpebral fissures, posterior part of the Septum lacrimale

F: Pars orbitalis: powerful eyelid closure Pars palpebralis: gentle eyelid closure, stabilises the lower eyelid; participates in blinking Pars lacrimalis: induces a not yet fully understood pressure-suction mechanism, driving the lacrimal fluid via the Canaliculi lacrimales into the Saccus lacrimalis → stimulates the outflow of tears

M. depressor supercilii (separation of the Pars orbitalis of the M. orbicularis oculi)

N. facialis [VII]

O: Pars nasalis of the Os frontale, dorsum of the nose

I: medial third of the skin of the eyebrow

F: lowers the skin of the eyebrow

M. corrugator supercilii

N. facialis [VII]

O: Pars nasalis of the Os frontale

I: middle third of the skin of the eyebrow

F: pulls the skin of the forehead and eyebrows towards the root of the nose, creates a vertical fold above the root of the nose (anger, thinking); supports the vigorous closure of the eyelid

M. procerus

N. facialis [VII]

O: Os nasale

I: skin of the glabella

F: pulls the medial part of the eyebrow downwards, thereby inducing horizontal folds on the dorsum of the nose (wrinkling of the nose)

M. tarsalis superior (smooth muscles)

Sympathicus

O: Tendon of the M. levator palpebrae superioris, structural support of the upper eyelid

I: Tarsus superior

F: widening of the palpebral fissure, vertical tightening of the upper eyelid

M. tarsalis inferior (smooth muscles)

Sympathicus

O: Structural support of the lower eyelid

I: Tarsus inferior

F: widening of the palpebral fissure, vertical tightening of the lower eyelid