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External agents and artifacts


1

Electrocautery

  • Keratinocytes show marked parallel vertical elongation

  • Homogenization of the collagen

Fig. Ap3.1, Electrocautery artifact

2

Gelfoam

  • Blue-purple, arabesque, netlike pattern with surrounding granulomatous reaction

Fig. Ap3.2, (A,B) Gelfoam

3

Aluminum chloride

  • Epidermal effacement and horizontal fibrosis consistent with scar and underlying light gray-blue granules, often in histiocytes, with focal calcification

Fig. Ap3.3, (A,B) Aluminum chloride at base of biopsy site

4

Monsel's solution (ferric subsulfate)

  • Epidermal effacement and horizontal fibrosis with collagen necrosis and chunky golden, refractile pigment in macrophages

  • Perls' iron stain is strongly positive, distinguishing the pigment from melanin

Fig. Ap3.4, Monsel's solution tattoo

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