Echinacea (American Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, E. Angustifolia, E. Purpurea, E. Pallida )

Purported immunostimulation and prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Adjuvant in the treatment of other bacterial, viral, or fungal infections of the urinary and respiratory tract.

Anti-inflammatory when used topically for conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and herpes simplex.

Promotes wound healing when used topically (i.e., in leg ulcers and burns).

Adjuvant for cancer therapy and in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.

No known drug interactions or toxicities

No known sedative, CV, or coagulation effects relevant to anesthesia