Diaphragmatic Hernia (Congenital)

Occurs in approximately 1 in 2500–5000 births; 12–25% have associated anomalies, in particular cardiac (20%), chromosomal (5–16%), and neurologic.

Parents who have one child with isolated defect have 2% chance with next child.

Usually left sided (90%) due to defect in foramen of Bochdalek and are more common in boys. Morgagni hernias (2–5%) located anterior are more common in girls. Remainder through esophageal hiatus.

30−60% mortality despite improved diagnosis and management

Degree of pulm hypoplasia and associated CNS and CV malformations affect mortality

Timing of diagnosis associated with the prognosis

Hypoxemia and acidosis

Pulm Htn and CHD

Shock

Tension pneumothorax