Background Pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a challenge for caregivers, nephrologists, and surgeons. The number of children and adolescents beginning ESRD care is steadily decreasing from a high of 17.5 per million in 2004 to 13.8 per million in…
Introduction Pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death in children older than one year in the United States. Although vascular injuries are infrequent, occurring in 0.6% to 1% of trauma patients, , they constitute an important cause of mortality…
Introduction Vascular tumors are different from malformations in that they have proliferative endothelium, while malformations occur from abnormal tissue growth as the child grows and has quiescent endothelium. Both primary vascular tumors and vascular malformations may look similar, raised or…
Pediatric arterial aneurysms include many rare and heterogeneic diseases. Etiologies vary widely among the different types of aneurysms, with important differences in the aneurysm’s character and clinical relevance often dependent on the specific vessel affected ( Table 186.1 ). Aneurysms…
Introduction Although conditions afflicting the extracardiac vascular system during infancy and childhood have been described for well over two centuries, a comprehensive literature dedicated to the management of pediatric vascular surgery patients remains lacking. Despite the presence of a number…
Upper extremity work-related injuries are a major societal problem, resulting in significant disability, cost, and loss of productivity. Occupational injuries affecting the shoulders, arms, and hands have been recognized for hundreds of years and are generally categorized into injuries caused…
General Considerations Injury Characteristics Although vascular injuries are present in a small percentage of injured patients, they are responsible for an outsized share of morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. , The major vessels of the extremities account for 20% to…
Abdominal vascular injuries are the most common cause of death after penetrating abdominal trauma. Accurate diagnosis, rapid surgical exposure and control, and the definitive management of these injuries may challenge the skills and judgment of even the most experienced surgeons.…
Introduction Thoracic injuries are common sequelae of both blunt and penetrating trauma, with blunt thoracic injuries proving responsible for approximately 8% of all trauma admissions in the United States, with motor vehicle crashes being the most common (>70%) mechanism. Penetrating…
Cervical vascular injuries are notoriously difficult to evaluate and to manage, mostly secondary to complex anatomy confined to a relatively narrow and layered anatomic space. The initial evaluation of these patients is often obscured by associated injuries to the head,…