Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cancer cause of death worldwide. The incidence of CRC is low at ages younger than 50 years but increases significantly with age. Although the T (tumor…
Rare tumors of the colon and rectum account for 5% of all colorectal malignancy and can be broadly separated into four categories: epithelial ( Fig. 175.1 ), lymphoid, mesenchymal, or other ( Table 175.1 ). In this chapter we will…
Retrorectal tumors comprise an uncommon group of lesions, originating from one or more of the three germ cell layers that occupy the retrorectal or presacral space. The reported incidence of less than 1% likely represents an underestimate, given the indolent…
The perianal region includes the (1) anal canal, (2) perianus, and (3) perianal skin. This chapter will review the definition and anatomy of the anal canal and perianus and discuss the diagnosis and management of neoplasms that occur in these…
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both males and females in the United States. As of January 2016 there are an estimated 1.4 million men and women living with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer, with an…
There are approximately 40,000 new diagnoses of rectal cancer in the United States each year. Developments such as total mesorectal excision (TME) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACXRT) as well as international guidelines have improved the prognosis of primary rectal cancer. But…
Laparoscopic colectomy was first described more than three decades ago, following the success of laparoscopic approaches to biliary surgery and appendicitis in the 1980s. Jacobs et al. described their first 20 laparoscopic colectomies for benign and malignant conditions. The paper was…
Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is the operation of choice for low-lying rectal cancers, as well as for many recurrent rectal cancers, and as salvage therapy for anal cancers. In very select circumstances, APR may also be appropriate for benign disease, such…
The management of rectal cancer has evolved over the past century. Since the first description of radical abdominoperineal resection (APR) by Miles in 1908, surgery for rectal cancer has moved toward less aggressive approaches to reduce morbidity and mortality while…
Widespread introduction of screening programs has resulted in a significant increase in the early detection of rectal cancers. In addition, staging tools and treatment modalities for rectal cancer have greatly improved. As a consequence, there is an increasing interest in…