Background Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer in which the proliferation of malignant epithelial cells remains confined by an intact basement membrane, without invasion into the surrounding stroma. The introduction of screening mammography…
Introduction Rates of breast reconstruction following mastectomy continue to rise, despite significant geographic variation, and for complex psychosocial reasons there is a continual growth in the number of patients undergoing contralateral prophylactic (risk-reducing) mastectomy (CPM). Mastectomy for breast cancer can…
This chapter discusses uncommon diseases of the breast, including (i) pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC); (ii) male breast cancer (MBC); (iii) Paget’s disease of the breast; and (iv) other breast malignancies, including melanoma, lymphoma, angiosarcoma and metastases, as well as management…
Introduction Management of the axilla has been a key aspect of care of breast cancer patients for decades. It is well established from randomised controlled trials, such as the NSABP B-04, that axillary dissection does not improve survival, but the…
Introduction Performing a mastectomy can be accomplished using a wide variety of techniques, depending on the clinical setting. Any mastectomy should be sensitive to the aims and principles of oncoplastic breast surgery, namely that optimal treatment of the malignancy should…
Introduction The evidence supporting breast conserving surgery is a better option than mastectomy (with or without reconstruction) for those who are suitable is compelling. As such, every effort should be made to offer it. Whilst simple wide local excision for…
Introduction The aim of local treatment of breast cancer is to achieve long-term local disease control with the minimum of local morbidity. The majority of women presenting symptomatically to breast clinics and those who are diagnosed through screening programmes have…
Introduction Population-based cancer screening is a complex public health undertaking that is most effective when performed in the context of a programme with defined standards that targets a specific population at risk in a given geographical area with a significant…
Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new invasive cancers diagnosed in 2020 ( Fig. 5.1 ). In the United Kingdom, where the age-standardised incidence is one of the highest…
Introduction The features of a breast cancer on routinely fixed, processed and stained histopathological sections provide, not only the basis for diagnosis of the disease, but also invaluable prognostic information. Predictive biomarkers are subsequently assessed on the tissue facilitating selection…