Biliary atresia (BA) is the result of an idiopathic, progressive, fibroinflammatory process that affects intra hepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. It typically presents in the first few weeks of life and without early recognition and surgical treatment progresses rapidly to…
Cholestasis, a potentially serious condition that indicates hepatobiliary dysfunction, is defined as a serum conjugated bilirubin fraction greater than 1.0 mg/dL if the total serum bilirubin level is less than 5 mg/dL, or a value of conjugated bilirubin more than…
Liver transplantation provides lifesaving treatment for children with liver disease. Current challenges include identifying those ready for a liver transplantation and the optimal timing for listing a patient for transplantation. Condition at the time of transplantation affects survival, and consequently…
Liver transplantation is a widely available and accepted procedure for the treatment of advanced-stage liver disease. The leading indications for liver transplantation in adults are chronic hepatitis C, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis B, alcoholic liver disease, and the cholestatic liver…
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis as a Cause of Advanced Liver Disease and as an Indication for Liver Transplantation A recent cross-sectional study of patients in a large outpatient general medical clinic setting observed the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to…
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the second most common diagnosis among patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) in the United States and Europe. ALD, either alone or in combination with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, accounts for 20% of all the…
In 1845 George Budd, a British internist, described a patient with hepatic venous thrombosis who developed abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and ascites. William Osler reported the first case of a membranous web causing vena caval and hepatic vein obstruction in 1879.…
Liver transplantation (LT) often affords a last-ditch treatment option for a disparate group of disorders that may be managed by the hematologist. In some cases LT cures the patient by correcting the cause of the problem, whereas in other cases…
Transplant Indications for Secondary Malignancies in the Past Liver transplantation for secondary malignancies has a long history; many programs included this indication in their pioneer phase in cases where the primary tumor was successfully removed and metastatic disease was confined…
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), first described by Durand-Fardel in 1840, is a malignant neoplasm arising from epithelial cells of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, excluding the papilla of Vater and the gallbladder. CCA is the second most common primary hepatobiliary…