Thoracolumbar Spine Checklists 1 Imaging assessment Radiographic examination AP Lateral views Computed tomography (CT) Axial Reformatted images Coronal Sagittal 3-D 2 Anatomic features, biomechanics, and forces of injury Anatomy Biomechanics Denis three-column concept Forces of injury Flexion Extension Compression Distraction…
Cervical Spine Checklists 1 Radiographic examination Minimum necessary views Lateral cervical spine to include T1 AP cervical spine AP open-mouth odontoid CT examination: minimum necessary Axial, sagittal, and coronal noncontrast images in bone algorithm Extending through at least the level…
Hand Checklists 1 Radiographic examination PA Pronation oblique Lateral 2 Common sites of injury in adults Fractures Phalanges (55% of hand injuries) Distal (50+% of fractures of the phalanx) Ungual tuft, base, shaft, baseball finger avulsion Proximal (15% of fractures…
Percutaneous placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters and treatment of superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) ( Ch. 44 ) are the cornerstones of venous intervention. Venous angioplasty, stenting and thrombolysis are sometimes performed but remain controversial techniques, except in…
Referrals for management of vascular access problems are among the most common requests for vascular intervention in centres where haemodialysis is performed. Tip Embrace the dialysis patients; they will be one of the most important training grounds for vascular access,…
If you practice vascular intervention you will find yourself called to stop haemorrhage. This is one of the most challenging and rewarding aspects of practice and frequently life-saving. There are three ways you can help: Inflow occlusion balloon: this is…
Aneurysms can affect vessels of any size. Clearly, not every aneurysm requires immediate treatment but, when indicated, successful endovascular management requires exclusion of the aneurysm from the circulation. The main options can broadly be thought of as: Embolization techniques which…
Acute limb ischaemia describes a sudden reduction in perfusion of <3 days' duration. The ischaemia is usually due to thrombosis in native arteries or bypass grafts secondary to an underlying stenotic lesion. The severity of ischaemia is categorized using the…
Angioplasty and stenting are cornerstone techniques in interventional radiology and have widespread non-vascular and vascular applications. The key skills and equipment choices remain largely the same, regardless of the site. This chapter assumes that you have already mastered the theory…
Having a high-quality route map of the target vascular bed and, if necessary, the access to it are the keys to successful vascular intervention. They determine the choice of approach, the best equipment to use and the suitability for intervention.…