Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Acute bony trauma to the hand represents some of the most commonly occurring fractures encountered in daily clinical practice. Whether the etiology is related to sports, occupation, or trauma, the consequences can be devastating and the…
Introduction Wrist anatomy and function is both complex and detailed. Evaluation for internal derangement assumes an understanding of the anatomy, imaging characteristics, biomechanics, and function of key ligaments and cartilaginous structures in the wrist, including the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC),…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Acute osseous injury to the wrist may be encountered in a subject who has received direct trauma to the wrist or who has fallen on the outstretched hand (popularly referred to as FOOSH). Radiographic evaluation remains…
Normal Wrist Technical Aspects Conventional Radiography Rationale and Indications Allows visualization of osseous anatomy and pathology, bone contours, and joint alignment Is recommended for any primary evaluation of osseous wrist pathologic processes such as fractures, dislocations or malalignment, infection, and…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Musculotendinous Injury Traumatic injury to the musculotendinous units of the elbow may result from acute trauma or repetitive micro-trauma. Furthermore, acute trauma is frequently superimposed on tendinopathy or other chronic injuries. MRI can be highly valuable…
Anatomy (Including Gross Anatomy and Normal Variants) Fat Pads The anterior fat pad is anterior to the olecranon fossa and is routinely seen on the normal lateral view, extending inferior, from the anterior humeral cortex, obliquely. The posterior fat pad…
Introduction Routine radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging (conventional and arthrography) are the main diagnostic modalities used for diagnosis of abnormalities around the elbow joint. Conventional Radiography Radiography ( Fig. 10-1 ) is used for primary evaluation of any osseous…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Shoulder instability and labral tears are a common cause of shoulder complaints, particularly in young athletic individuals. The symptoms can be quite debilitating, and surgery is often required to reduce the pain or stabilize the shoulder.…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions The etiology of rotator cuff tendinosis and tears is likely multifactorial, involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Multiple causal factors have been described in association with rotator cuff pathology, including vascular, degenerative, traumatic, and anatomic/mechanical factors.…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Osseous injuries that affect the shoulder girdle are common in adults. The acromioclavicular joint is the primary connection between the arm and the thorax, and the glenohumeral joint is inherently unstable, owing to the disproportionate size…