Summary of Key Points The normal sonographic appearance of the ovaries changes with the menstrual cycle because of the influence of gonadotropins. These changes cease to occur as late menopause is reached and developing follicles are no longer present. Nonneoplastic…
Summary of Key Points Transvaginal ultrasound is usually needed for optimal assessment of the uterus. Uterine enlargement in a nonpregnant patient is most commonly caused by fibroids or adenomyosis. Adenomyosis should be considered when there is an enlarged globular shape…
Summary of Key Points Ultrasound has a role in peritoneal imaging. Success is dependent on operator awareness and thorough technique. Inclusion of transvaginal scan in women will greatly improve accuracy. Ultrasound is excellent for detecting and characterizing peritoneal fluid. Ultrasound…
Summary of Key Points Dynamic ultrasound is the key examination for assessing the groin or anterior abdominal wall pain. Dynamic components of the examination include Valsalva and compression maneuvers and scanning in both supine and upright positions. Dynamic sonography enables…
Summary of Key Points If an abdominal aortic aneurysm progresses to rupture, survival is very unlikely. If discovered before rupture, survival is highly likely. Most aneurysms are fusiform, which makes them readily diagnosable with ultrasound. Clinicians must also be aware…
Summary Key Points The adrenal glands are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating hormonal production and secretion within the body. The adrenal cortex is comprised of the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis, which are responsible for aldosterone, glucocorticoid, and androgen…
Summary of Key Points Prostate cancer is a significant health problem and its management is changing rapidly. Currently, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) with biopsy is the primary modality to diagnose prostate cancer. New modalities including multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers…
Summary of Key Points Renal ultrasound is the screening modality of choice for the initial evaluation of renal insufficiency. Relevant imaging markers include parenchymal echogenicity, renal length, and collecting system dilatation. The primary role for ultrasound in the evaluation of…
Summary of Key Points High-resolution ultrasound allows for excellent depiction of the bowel, including the normal multilayered appearance of the bowel wall and many pathologic features. Ultrasound is a safe, objective, and accurate method for measuring the severity of inflammatory…
Summary of Key Points Knowledge of a few key scanning techniques will optimize imaging of the entire pancreas. Understanding of the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and anatomic variants of the pancreas aids in detection and characterization of disease. Ultrasound plays…