Category Radiology

Fetal Hydrops

Summary of Key Points Hydrops is defined as an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in at least two body cavities (pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial) or one body cavity in association with anasarca (generalized massive edema). Placentomegaly and polyhydramnios are common…

The Fetal Musculoskeletal System

Summary of Key Points Two-dimensional ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for the majority of musculoskeletal disorders. When a fetal musculoskeletal dysplasia is suspected on ultrasound, referral to a center with expertise may be helpful. A main role of ultrasound…

The Fetal Urogenital Tract

Summary of Key Points Evaluation of amniotic fluid volume (subjective assessment combined with semiquantitative methods such as maximum vertical pocket or amniotic fluid index) provides important information about some maternal and fetal conditions, as well as placental function. Sonographic findings…

The Fetal Heart

Summary of Key Points Moderate to severe congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in approximately 6 per 1000 live births. The incidence of CHD is much higher in the fetal population, estimated to be at least 15 per 1000. The incidence…