Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Stress injuries are a common cause of pain and morbidity and have become commonplace among the members of our increasingly active society. There is some confusion regarding the numerous terms used to describe these injuries, and…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Nonaccidental injury (NAI; child abuse) is a widespread social problem of special concern to pediatricians. It is present worldwide but has different manifestations in differing cultures with increased awareness in Western societies. The presentation varies from…
Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Definitions Patterns of injury in children are different from those of adults, partly because of the unique structure of the pediatric skeleton. Injuries of the upper extremity account for 65% of all fractures and dislocations in children…
Epidemiology and Background The prevalence of both acute traumatic and chronic overuse injuries of the lower extremity has increased in children for a number of reasons. Children are participating in athletics at earlier ages and a higher rate than in…
Imaging Techniques Radiographs are an essential tool in the initial assessment of most conditions affecting the foot, whether they are acute or chronic traumatic lesions or infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic conditions. Standard views include anteroposterior, lateral, and external oblique projections.…
Lower Extremity Pelvis/Thigh Piriformis Syndrome Compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle is noted in the pelvis. The L4, L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots give contributions to the sciatic nerve. As the nerve exits the greater sciatic…
Most patients who suffer an ankle sprain return to normal sport and daily living activity. However, chronic pain or instability can limit activity and affect up to 20% to 40% of these patients. Ankle impingement syndromes and osteochondral lesions are…
Etiology Ankle tendon injuries most commonly occur as a result of chronic microtearing due to overuse from athletic activity and/or primary degeneration. Systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, gout, hyperparathyroidism, and diabetes can also lead to tendon infiltration…
General Considerations Prevalence and Epidemiology Ankle ligamentous injury or sprain is the most common type of ankle injury and accounts for 14% of visits to an emergency department, 1.6 million physician office visits, and more than 8000 hospitalizations per year…
Overview Of all of the major weight-bearing joints in the body, the ankle is the most frequently injured. In athletes, foot and ankle injuries account for up to one fourth of sports-related injuries, with the ankle ranking first as the…