KEY FACTS Imaging Irregular, periaortic soft tissue mass extending from renal vessels to iliac bifurcation Aorta not typically displaced from spine in primary retroperitoneal fibrosis Soft tissue can surround inferior vena cava and medially displace ureters Soft tissue may extend…
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Relevant Anatomy and Embryology The parietal peritoneum separates the peritoneal cavity from the retroperitoneum. The retroperitoneum contains all the abdominal contents located between the parietal peritoneum and the transversalis fascia. It is divided into 3 compartments by 2 well-defined fascial…
Renal Mass Evaluation CT : Although rapid improvements in scanner technology have resulted in dramatic increases in spatial and temporal resolution, the imaging marker for potential neoplasia (enhancement of soft tissue components of renal masses after contrast administration) has not…
In the genitourinary system as in other organ systems, radiologically guided interventional procedures have grown in usage. Interventional genitourinary radiology procedures are used widely, so familiarity and experience with these procedures are necessary in most clinical settings. Growth in the…
Cross-sectional imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of adrenal gland disease. In many patients not only can adrenal gland pathology be identified, but also a specific diagnosis can be made. The appropriate selection and accurate interpretation of adrenal…
The diagnosis and management of diseases of the male genital tract have changed significantly in recent years as a direct result of technologic advances in imaging and progress in therapeutics. The purpose of this chapter is to present current imaging…
Medical imaging has assumed an increasingly important role in the diagnostic evaluation of gynecologic disease. In part this is because sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can allow for high-resolution and multiplanar imaging of the female reproductive tract without exposing…
The lower urinary tract consists of the bladder and the urethra. Diseases of the lower urinary tract are prevalent and can be potentially debilitating from a medical and a social point of view. The bladder is the most common site…
Embryology and Anatomy Although embryology of the urinary tract is complex and often baffling, its important features are actually rather simple. The ureteral bud arises from the mesonephric duct early in gestation and forms the ureter, pelvicalyceal system, and renal…