Techniques General Preprocedure Evaluation 1 What is the indication for the procedure? Diagnosis Preoperative staging Therapy 2 Define the problem. What is the diagnostic question that is to be answered? Which study can best answer the question (ultrasound [US], computed…
Temporal Bone General The temporal bone is divided into five portions: Mastoid (posterolateral part that includes the mastoid process: attachment for sternocleidomastoid and other muscles) Petrous portion (pyramidal-shaped medial part; inner ear structures, internal auditory canal [IAC], petrous apex) Squamous…
Imaging Anatomy Parenchymal Anatomy Lobar Anatomy ( Fig. 6.1 ) Frontal lobe: anterior to central sulcus (CS) (Rolando) Parietal lobe: posterior to CS Temporal lobe: inferior to lateral sulcus (Sylvius) Occipital lobe: posterior Limbic lobe Central (insular lobe) Basal Ganglia…
Trauma General Fracture FRACTURE SYNOPSIS Fracture Finding Spine Jefferson Ring fracture of C1 Hangman's Bilateral pedicle or pars fractures of C2 Teardrop (flexion) Unstable flexion fracture Clay-shoveler's Avulsion fracture of spinous process lower cervical, high thoracic spine Chance Horizontal fracture…
Kidneys General Anatomy The kidneys, renal pedicle, and adrenal glands are located in the perirenal space, which is bound by the anterior and posterior renal fascia (Gerota fascia; for anatomy, see the section Retroperitoneum ). Renal Pedicle ( Fig. 4.1…
Esophagus General Anatomy Normal Esophageal Contour Deformities ( Fig. 3.1 ) Cricopharyngeus Postcricoid impressions (mucosal fold over vein) Aortic impression Left mainstem bronchus (LMB) Left atrium (LA) Diaphragm Peristaltic waves Mucosa: thin transient transverse folds: feline esophagus (vs. thick folds…
Cardiac Imaging Techniques Plain Radiograph Interpretation Normal Plain Radiograph Anatomy Posteroanterior View ( Fig. 2.1 ) Right cardiac margin has three segments: Superior vena cava (SVC) Right atrium (RA) Inferior vena cava (IVC) Left cardiac margin has four segments: Aortic…
4.1 Introduction Comprehensive acceptance testing and commissioning of new equipment are the foundations for the safe implementation of new technology in a Radiation Oncology department. Once the unit is in clinical use, a routine quality assurance (QA) program must be…
Imaging Anatomy Gross Lung Anatomy Segmental Anatomy ( Figs. 1.1 – 1.2 ) Right Lung Upper lobe Apical B1 Anterior B2 Posterior B3 Middle lobe Lateral B4 Medial B5 Lower lobe Superior B6 Medial basal B7 Anterior basal B8 Lateral…
3.1 Introduction In-vivo dosimetry is used clinically to verify during treatment how accurately the planned dose is delivered to the patient. While American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-62, Diode In-Vivo Dosimetry for Patients Receiving External Beam Radiation Therapy,…