Imaging modalities 1. Plain films . These are cheap, widely available and valuable screening tools in the preliminary assessment of osteoarticular symptoms. Standard views require a minimum of two views perpendicular to each other, e.g. antero-posterior and lateral projections. The…
Positron emission tomography imaging Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a technique used to detect and accurately stage malignant disease, to differentiate benign and malignant tissue, and to assess response to treatment. Until recently, PET imaging availability was restricted due…
Methods of imaging the venous system 1. Contrast venography 2. Ultrasound (US) 3. Impedance plethysmography 4. Radionuclide imaging 5. Computed tomography (CT) 6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further Reading Kaufman JALee MJVascular and Interventional Radiology: The Requisites.2004.Elsevier-MosbyPhiladelphia: Scarvelis D, Wells…
Methods of imaging the arterial system 1. Catheter angiography 2. Ultrasound (US) 3. Computed tomography (CT) 4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further Reading Collins R, Cranny G, Burch J, et. al.: A systematic review of duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography…
Methods of imaging the heart 1. Chest radiography 2. Fluoroscopy and angiocardiography 3. Echocardiography – transthoracic and transoesophageal techniques 4. Computed tomography (CT) 5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 6. Radionuclide imaging: (a) Ventriculography (b) Myocardial perfusion imaging. Angiocardiography Diagnostic catheterization…
Methods of imaging the respiratory system 1. Plain films 2. Computed tomography (CT) 3. Radionuclide imaging (V/Q scans) 4. Ultrasound (US) – for pleural and chest wall disease 5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6. Positron emission tomography (PET). Further Reading…
Methods of imaging the female reproductive system 1. Plain abdominal film 2. Hysterosalpingography 3. Ultrasound (US) – transabdominal/transvaginal 4. Computerized tomography (CT) 5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6. Minimally invasive procedures including biopsies, cyst drainage, angiography, fibroid embolization 7. PET-CT.…
Methods of imaging the urinary tract 1. Plain film radiography 2. Excretion urography (IVU) 3. Ultrasound (US) 4. Computed tomography (CT): (a) CT for urological diagnosis and urological cancer staging (b) CT for characterization of renal lesion (c) CT adrenals…
Methods of imaging the hepatobiliary system 1. Plain film 2. Ultrasound (US): (a) Transabdominal (b) Endoscopic (c) Intraoperative 3. CT including: (a) Routine ‘staging’ (portal venous phase) CT (b) Triple phase ‘characterization’ CT (c) CT cholangiography 4. MRI 5. Endoscopic…
Methods of imaging the gastrointestinal tract 1. Plain film 2. Barium swallow 3. Barium meal 4. Barium follow-through 5. Small bowel enema 6. Barium enema 7. Ultrasound (US): (a) Transabdominal (b) Endosonography 8. Computed tomography (CT) 9. Magnetic resonance imaging…