Pancreatic Trauma Traumatic injury to the pancreas is rare and difficult to diagnose. The retroperitoneal location of the pancreas is a mixed anatomic blessing in patients with abdominal trauma. Its fixed position anterior to the vertebral column provides excellent protection…
Introduction Benign, borderline, and malignant neoplasms can arise from exocrine, endocrine, intraductal, and stromal elements within the pancreas. Additionally, secondary (metastatic) neoplasms and non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions (e.g., mass-forming chronic pancreatitis) can occur. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes over 50…
Pancreatitis is one of the most complex and clinically challenging of all abdominal disorders. It remains a major diagnostic challenge because its clinical manifestations are as protean as its causes. Indeed, only one in five severe cases of acute pancreatitis…
Hepatic Trauma CLASSIFICATION OF HEPATIC TRAUMA The management of hepatic trauma patients has evolved significantly during the last three decades and is now based on well-defined treatment algorithms. This has highlighted the need for an accurate classification system as a…
The liver has a unique, dual blood supply in which 25% of the flow comes from the hepatic artery and 75% through the portal vein. There is an inverse relationship between these two blood supplies. If portal flow decreases, arterial…
The liver has quite accurately been called the custodian of the milieu intérieur, and is vulnerable to a variety of metabolic, vascular, toxic, infectious, and neoplastic insults. Diffuse liver disease can be diagnostically challenging because of nonspecific and overlapping clinical…
Technologic advances have significantly enhanced the role of radiology in the detection, characterization, and management of focal infectious diseases of the liver. Today, all cross-sectional techniques allow highly accurate detection of focal hepatic infections. Computed tomography (CT) is particularly helpful…
Primary malignant neoplasms of the liver are classified by the cell of origin ( Box 54.1 ). Secondary malignant liver tumors are metastases and lymphomas. Overall, metastases are the most frequent malignant tumors of the liver, except in patients with…
Hemangioma Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver, with a reported incidence ranging from 1% to 20% ( Table 53.1 ). , Hemangiomas occur primarily in women (female-to-male ratio of 5:1). Although hemangiomas may be present at…
The two most common surgical procedures of the biliary tract likely to be encountered in day-to-day practice are laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and biliary-enteric anastomosis. Specifically, given the high prevalence of cholelithiasis or gallstones in the United States, with roughly 20…