Mechanisms and Radiographic Appearances Mechanisms and Causes of Lobar Collapse Lobar collapse: this is divided into those causes due to an endobronchial obstruction (intrinsic or extrinsic) or those causes without obstruction ▪ A segment of atelectatic lung pivots around the…
Tracheal Disorders Post-Traumatic Strictures Definition These are usually secondary to damage from external neck trauma or from a cuffed endotracheal or tracheostomy tube CXR/CT A focus of circumferential or eccentric tracheal narrowing associated with a segment of increased soft tissue…
Lobar Pneumonia Lobar Pneumonia Definition An infection developing within the distal airspaces (and adjacent to the visceral pleura) ▸ it spreads via collateral air drift (pores of Kohn), producing homogeneous opacification of partial or complete lung segments (and occasionally an…
Mediastinitis Acute Mediastinitis Definition Acute infection of the mediastinum ▸ this is rare It is most commonly due to an oesophageal perforation (e.g. following endoscopy or from a swallowed object) – the alimentary contents serve as an infective source Other…
Chest Wall: Bony and Soft Tissue Lesions Rib Lesions Benign Congenital abnormalities The upper ribs are commonly bifid, splayed, fused, or hypoplastic ▸ they are occasionally associated with syndromes (e.g. basal cell naevus syndrome) or other anomalies (e.g. Sprengel's deformity)…
Introduction Image-guided interventional procedures in the spine and the appendicular skeleton are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions of benign or malignant origin. The procedures that are described in the present chapter should be performed by…
Introduction The number of venous interventions performed by interventional radiology (IR) is increasing. These increasing demands can be broadly divided into those for venous access, and those relating to the management of deep vein thromboses (DVTs). The latter includes the…
Introduction The genitourinary (GU) tract is especially prone to anatomical and morphological variations, and successful intervention relies on careful anatomical appreciation and planning. This chapter describes the various interventional procedures currently used in the GU tract but commences with a…
Kidney Renal Artery Stenosis Background Stenosis of the renal artery, which is usually focal, can cause a cascade of ischaemic-driven events in the kidney, in addition to other potential insults such as cholesterol embolisation. This can lead to clinical consequences…
Management of Biliary Obstruction Introduction Biliary intervention is not as prevalent as it was 30 years ago because of the advent of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Skilled endoscopists can treat the vast majority of patients with biliary obstruction with stents,…