Introduction Medical screening is the process of using a diagnostic algorithm to detect a disease or the susceptibility to develop a disease. A screening process can consist of a medical history, a blood sample that measures a biochemical marker such…
Introduction Ensuring the quality of studies performed and interpreted in the vascular laboratory is a cornerstone of vascular laboratory management. This chapter will review the processes for credentialing of personnel and accreditation of facilities and the core components of a…
Introduction Organ transplantation has become the treatment of choice for end-stage renal and liver disease with the exception of cases with diffuse metastatic liver disease or with hepatocellular carcinoma that has extended beyond the liver. Advances in organ procurement and…
Introduction This chapter has two components: the first reviews the ultrasound assessment of the scrotal contents, and the second describes the role played by ultrasound in the diagnosis of penile abnormalities, including erectile dysfunction and priapism. In both sections, emphasis…
Introduction Duplex and color Doppler imaging play an important role in the ultrasound evaluation of the female pelvis. Doppler is indispensable for the workup of many common problems. These techniques can be applied to both transabdominal and endovaginal examinations. The…
Introduction Duplex and color Doppler ultrasound are utilized to evaluate a number of vascular diseases of the kidneys. The location of the renal vessels and the wide variation in the anatomy and physiology of the renal vessels can make the…
Introduction Because chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is the twelfth most common cause of death in the United States, evaluation of the liver and its vasculature is a very common indication for abdominal Doppler. The liver vessels are effectively imaged…
Introduction Color and pulsed Doppler evaluation of the mesenteric arteries is performed to assess for compromise of intestinal blood flow in patients presenting with chronic, unexplained, and atypical abdominal pain. This examination includes evaluation of the abdominal aorta and the…
Introduction Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) uses endografts, also called endovascular grafts, covered stent-grafts, or transluminally placed endovascular grafts to isolate an aortic aneurysm from the circulation. EVAR is preferred to open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Patients undergoing EVAR will…
Introduction The abdominal aorta is the continuation of the thoracic aorta and the major conduit artery distributing blood to the abdominal organs and then to the lower extremities. Pathologic processes that affect the abdominal aorta, in order of decreasing incidence,…