Abbreviations and acronyms 3D three-dimensional 4 CV apical 4-chamber view AICD automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator ASD atrial septal defect ccTGA congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries CHD congenital heart disease CoA coarctation of the aorta CMR cardiac magnetic resonance…
18.1 Introduction Pericardial diseases represent a broad range of clinical syndromes and may be present in various associated diseases conveying significant morbidity and mortality [ , ]. The evaluation of pericardial conditions can be complex, and imaging techniques play a…
17.1 Introduction Cardiac tumours are a rare finding, with an autopsy prevalence of less than 0.5% [ , ]. However, even when pathologically benign, they can fatally compromise cardiac haemodynamics or lead to serious complications such as embolism or arrhythmia…
Aortic root V. Polsani X. Zhou M. Vannan Marcus Heart Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA Chinese PLA General Hospital Echocardiography has an established role in the morphological and hemodynamic assessment of the disorders of aortic root; hence, this section will…
15.1 Arterial systemic hypertension Arterial systemic hypertension is a well established, leading cardiovascular (CV) risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the general population. Myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden death are the main fatal and non-fatal complications in hypertensive…
14.1 Clinical background 14.1.1 Etiology and presentation Acute myocardial inflammation can induce a broad clinical spectrum, from subclinical disease to fulminant acute heart failure [ ]. Myocarditis more often affects young male than female or elderly patients [ ]. The…
13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Definition and spectrum of disease The term cardiomyopathy refers to a diverse range of diseases of the heart muscle associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction [ ]. These conditions are of particular importance due to their propensity…
12.1 Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a growing problem worldwide. Almost 6 million Americans and 15 million Europeans have HF [ , ]. Normal ventricular function requires coordinated electrical activation and contraction but also appropriate pre- and after-loads. Given the…
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank The Royal Brompton Hospital CMR Unit, Dr Stephan Nekolla, Dr Filip Zemrak, and Dr Navtej Chahal for assistance with images. 11.1 Background, terms, and definitions 11.1.1 Introduction With advancing technology, non-invasive imaging has…
10.1 Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as death of the myocytes (myocardial necrosis) in a clinical setting consistent with acute myocardial ischemia [ ]. Echocardiography, nuclear imaging techniques, CMR, and CT play an important role in detecting and…