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Common Regional Flaps
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Category Plastic Surgery
Local Skin Flaps
Synopsis Local skin flaps are time-honored methods of soft tissue reconstruction and frequently represent the ideal mode of reconstruction because they permit defect coverage with skin of similar color, thickness, and texture. Successful reconstruction using local skin flaps, however, requires…
Bone Fixation
Synopsis Fractures are prevalent worldwide, regardless of the economic status of the country. In low-income or middle-income countries, fracture treatment may be lacking or suboptimal. Acute fractures and complications such as malunion and nonunion have serious consequences that often interfere…
Tendon Repair
Synopsis Tendons are connective tissues that connect muscle to bone. They are instrumental in transmitting forces generated by muscle to move bones and joints. Tendon injuries are relatively common throughout the world and can significantly affect hand function. Various methods…
Nerve Repair
Synopsis Nerve injuries can occur anywhere in the body. Reconstructive surgeons most commonly encounter them in the extremities or on the face. The management of nerve injuries requires a methodical pre-operative examination. Adjunct studies such as electrodiagnostic tests can be…
Skin Grafting
Synopsis Although the field of plastic surgery has advanced significantly in its ability to provide “like for like” coverage of wounds with various flaps, skin grafting still provides a facile, effective, and expeditious method of wound coverage. In the appropriate…
Post-Operative Anesthetic Complications
Synopsis After successful surgery, the patient enters one of the most potentially hazardous phases of the procedure, namely emergence from anesthesia and the immediate post-operative period. The care team is busy with many tasks at this point, but the main…
Post-Operative Pain Control
Synopsis Adequate post-operative pain control minimizes suffering, improves patient satisfaction, promotes early mobilization, reduces the length of stay, and minimizes costs. Optimal pain control requires pre-operative education and perioperative pain management planning that encompasses a preventative analgesic approach that utilizes…
PACU Setup and Requirements
Synopsis Delivering care to a post-operative patient in a developing country, with different practice environments than we are used to, can provide unique challenges. A post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), staffed by specially trained and educated nurses, is well recognized as…
Intraoperative Emergencies
Synopsis Intraoperative anesthesia emergencies are common. Many emergencies can be prevented by effective preoperative evaluation. Successful treatment requires adequate preparation of equipment and drugs. Routine simulation of emergency scenarios will increase the likelihood that the intervention will be timely and…