Key points • Facial contour and highlighting makeup (CHM) creates the illusion of light and shadow to produce the effects of projection and recession, respectively, changing perceived facial anatomy. • The majority of vertical disproportions of the face occur in…
Key points • Over the past two decades, success achieved by composite tissue allografts (CTA) in restoration of many functional and aesthetic deficits of the face has caused a paradigm shift in reconstructive surgery. • Preoperative radiological imaging and intraoperative…
Key points • Look at the patient: Your eye is the best tool to evaluate both the premorbid injury as well as your repair. It is imperative that you learn how to really “see” the anatomy and appreciate the subtle…
Key points • Accurately identify the etiology of the asymmetry. • Ensure that facial growth is complete before definitive treatment. • 3D photographic imaging is an invaluable tool to educate the patient regarding the clinical findings and the anticipated outcome.…
Key points • The male skull is longer and broader compared with the female skull, whereas the female skull has a more pointed chin and tapered jaw. • Frontal bossing of the male skull generally extends from the region of…
Key points • Skin, fat, muscle, fascia, tendon, and bone can all be differentially carried on vascular pedicles from various donor sites in the provision of vascularized tissue to the face. • Soft tissue, muscle, and bone flaps will all…
Key points • The facial skeleton provides the underlying frame for the face, and its configuration influences the facial rejuvenation surgery that should be done. • Age-related changes in the periorbital area are significant and must be accounted for during…
Key points • The appearance of the lips may be considered to represent an individual’s youth, sensuality, and fertility. Consequently, their appearance is of prime importance to connote these qualities and imbue confidence in those seeking facial plastic surgery. •…
Key points • Structural fillers are very useful in Asian patients to create an oval face with a tapered lower facial third. • Blunt injection cannulas have been associated with a lower risk of embolus formation and less pain and…
Key points • Facial aging is characterized by fat atrophy and gravitational descent of facial soft tissue. • Careful facial analysis is crucial for optimal outcomes. • Fat grafting provides a minimally invasive technique to improve facial contouring in aesthetic…