Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Tularemia is primarily a disease of wild animals; human disease is incidental and usually results from tick or deer fly bites or contact with infected live or dead wild…
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Thomas S. Murray Robert S. Baltimore Keywords bacteremia biofilm burn wound sepsis conjunctivitis cystic fibrosis ecthyma gangrenosum immunosuppressed neutropenia urinary tract infection ventilator-associated pneumonia Etiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod and is a strict aerobe. It can multiply in…
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas are gram-negative bacilli that include species capable of causing enteritis and, less frequently, skin and soft tissue infections and invasive disease. They are common in fresh water and brackish water and colonize animals and plants in these…
The genus Yersinia is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and comprises more than 14 named species, 3 of which are established as human pathogens. Yersinia enterocolitica is by far the most common Yersinia species causing human disease and produces…
Campylobacter , typically Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , are found globally and are among the most common causes of human intestinal infections. Clinical presentation varies by age and underlying conditions. Etiology Twenty-six species and 9 subspecies of Campylobacter are…
Cholera is a dehydrating diarrheal disease that rapidly leads to death in the absence of immediate initiation of appropriate treatment. Worldwide, 1.3 billion people are at risk for cholera, resulting in an estimated 1 to 4 million cases and 95,000…
Escherichia coli is an important cause of intraintestinal and extraintestinal infections. Intraintestinal infections present as different diarrheal illnesses. Extraintestinal infections include disease of the urinary tract (see Chapter 553 ) and bloodstream ( Chapter 129, Chapter 202, Chapter 203 ).…
Shigellosis , infection by Shigella species , is acute invasive enteric infection clinically manifested by diarrhea that is often bloody. The term dysentery describes a syndrome of bloody diarrhea with fever, abdominal cramps, rectal pain, and mucoid stools. Bacillary dysentery…
Salmonellosis is a common and widely distributed food-borne disease that is a global major public health problem affecting millions of individuals and resulting in significant mortality. Salmonellae live in the intestinal tracts of warm- and cold-blooded animals. Some species are…
Pertussis is an acute respiratory tract infection; the term pertussis means “intense cough” and is preferable to whooping cough, because most infected individuals do not “whoop.” Etiology Bordetella pertussis is the cause of epidemic pertussis and the usual cause of…