Key Points Breastfeeding is a women’s health issue. Disruption of breastfeeding is associated with higher rates of maternal breast and ovarian cancer, diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Breastfeeding is also a children’s health issue. Not being breastfed is associated…
Key Points Bioactive factors in human breast milk are not only numerous but they also act in a variety of mechanisms to affect the development, growth, and ongoing health of the infant. Some of those factors also confer benefits for…
Key Points Human milk is a highly complex composition of nutrients for infant growth, consisting primarily of fat, carbohydrates, and proteins, as well as minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients. The delicate balance of nutrients and the dynamic lactation process make…
Key Points Lactation represents the completion of the reproductive cycle and occurs as one of the major stages of mammary gland development: (1) embryogenesis; (2) mammogenesis; (3) lactogenesis, or secretory differentiation (stage 1 lactogenesis) and secretory activation (stage II lactogenesis);…
Key Points The mammary gland, or “breast,” is the only organ that is not fully developed at birth and undergoes dramatic changes from birth to pregnancy, lactation, and involution. The three major structures of the breast are skin, including the…
Key Points The long history of breastfeeding has brought us to a better understanding of the crucial role of human breast milk in the nutrition and growth and development of infants and children. Research into lactation, breastfeeding, and human breast…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
After reading this chapter you should be able to: apply evidence-based medicine to clinical practice interpret a research paper or systematic review appropriately Evidence-based paediatrics requires the paediatrician to use the current best evidence in the assessment of clinical conditions…
After reading this chapter you should: be able to apply patient safety thinking understand how human factors detrimental to care can be minimised be able to lead a safe and effective handover Clinical governance This term describes the framework of…
After reading this chapter you should be able to: apply legal rights of children and young people within the current UK legal framework Ethics Ethics are the principles by which we live our lives. They are defined by many factors…