Introduction ▪ Endoscopic craniofacial resection (CFR) has emerged as an alternative to the traditional CFR originally credited to Ketcham in 1963. ▪ The standard craniofacial approach for tumor resection combines a transfacial approach via a lateral rhinotomy or midface degloving…
Introduction ▪ Pterygopalatine/pterygomaxillary space (PPS) approaches are used to treat lesions in areas posterior to the maxillary sinus, including the pterygopalatine fossa and lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus (LSR). Pathologic processes within the PPS are rare; the most common…
Introduction ▪ Vidian neurectomy has been performed to relieve the symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis since the 1960s after being introduced by Golding-Wood as a transantral procedure. ▪ Transnasal endoscopic vidian neurectomy was introduced by Kamel and Zaher and later refined…
Introduction ▪ Despite recent advances in endoscopic techniques, tumors involving the anterior maxilla remain difficult to reach through a purely endonasal approach. ▪ Even with cross-court procedures, lesions involving the anteroinferior and anterolateral corners of the maxillary sinus may be…
Introduction ▪ Medial maxillectomy is a procedure historically used for the removal of benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the medial aspect of the maxilla, lateral nasal wall, ethmoid sinuses along the lamina papyracea, and the lacrimal sac. ▪ The…
Introduction ▪ The endoscopic transnasal approach to the orbit is indicated for tumors located medially and/or inferiorly to the optic nerve. ▪ This anatomic site is deep, poorly illuminated, and obscured by orbital fat when approached through a standard external…
Introduction ▪ Endoscopic transnasal surgery has become an effective approach to the surgical management of diseases of the sinuses, orbit, and anterior skull base. Technologic advances have been critical in advancing endoscopic surgical procedures, with the introduction of improved optics…
Introduction ▪ For more than 100 years, surgical decompression of the orbit has been used to treat severe proptosis and optic neuropathy associated with Graves disease, also known as Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). ▪ Although decompression techniques involving removal of…
Introduction ▪ Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a well-established treatment for epiphora caused by anatomic or functional obstruction of the nasolacrimal apparatus. ▪ A thorough understanding of the endonasal anatomy, wide marsupialization of the lacrimal sac, and meticulous care of the…
Introduction ▪ Endoscopic sphenoidotomy has become the most common surgical approach for management of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the sphenoid sinus largely due to its excellent outcomes and low morbidity. ▪ Long-term outcomes of endoscopic sphenoidotomy in the context…