Introduction In many countries, external ethmoidectomy is rarely performed due to the widespread adoption of endoscopic techniques. However, in some clinics where endoscopic equipment is not available, the external ethmoidectomy approach is still an important technique used in the management…
Introduction The decision to proceed with ethmoidectomy in the context of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) should be based on the patient’s pathology, degree of symptoms, and response or lack of response to appropriate medical therapy. The goal is to eliminate…
Acknowledgment I would like to thank Satyan B. Sreenath, MD for his work on this chapter and figure production Introduction Both benign and malignant tumors may originate within or around the maxillary sinus and hard palate. These tumors may arise…
Introduction Medial maxillectomy is most commonly indicated for resection of tumors of the nasal cavity, lateral nasal wall, and medial maxillary sinus. The incision most commonly used for exposure is the lateral rhinotomy. This offers the best exposure for a…
Introduction An oroantral communication occurs when there is an abnormal connection between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity. The communication may be the result of trauma, osteomyelitis, pathologic lesions, or foreign bodies such as dental implants or endodontic material.…
Development and Anatomy The parathyroid glands develop from the endoderm of pharyngeal pouches III and IV. These are first identifiable at 5 to 6 weeks of fetal development as thickenings of the anterodorsal branchial pouch epithelium (see Chapter 2 ,…
Video 64.1 Parathyroid Carcinoma: Management Principles with an Illustrative Case Background Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare but ominous cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). It accounts for less than 1% of the cases of primary HPT. In a retrospective study…
Introduction As many as 10% of patients who had previous operations for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) will experience persistent or recurrent disease after surgery ( Box 63.1 ). Due to the sequelae of PHPT, some of these patients will require reoperative…
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the presence of elevated serum calcium levels combined with inappropriate suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is most commonly a sporadic disease; however, in a small subset of patients, it can be part of a familial…
Video 61.1 Total Parathyroidectomy with Forearm Autograft for Patients with Advanced Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Video 61.2 Total Parathyroidectomy with Forearm Autograft for Patients with Advanced Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Usefulness of IONM. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Definition Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) refers to the situation in…