∗Portions of this section on the “History of Selective Posterior Rhizotomy” have been reproduced from the previous Schmidek and Sweet SDR chapter by Drazin et al. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children, occurring in 1.5 to…
Acknowledgment Medical illustrations were drafted and refined by Dr. Shih Liu, USF Department of Neurosurgery. Introduction Worldwide, more than 50 million suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, and it is estimated that about half the world’s population will have…
This chapter focuses on brain revascularization techniques used for the treatment of pediatric cerebrovascular disease. Although a wide variety of clinical scenarios might warrant surgical revascularization of the brain, the three most commonly encountered by neurosurgeons include atherosclerotic carotid disease,…
The term spinal dysraphism describes many different forms of congenital malformations of the neural tube. Table 74.1 classifies dysraphic malformations according to accepted theories of embryogenesis and conveniently divides most of them into primary and secondary neurulation lesions, plus an…
The goal of fetal surgery is to prevent or reduce the adverse consequences of a congenital disorder without increasing the risks for the fetus and mother. A number of diseases, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia and sacrococcygeal teratoma, can be…
Introduction The Chiari malformations encompass a range of hindbrain anomalies. Classically, four subtypes were described ( Table 72.1 ). Chiari 1 malformations are characterized by cerebellar tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum, and may be congenital or acquired. Patients with…
Children present many unique challenges to the epilepsy surgeon necessitating the use of special techniques and equipment. A large portion of adult epilepsy surgery treats mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), while in children, extratemporal epilepsy is more common and developmental lesions…
Introduction Primary brainstem tumors represent 10% to 20% of all pediatric central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and 20% to 30% of posterior fossa lesions, where their incidence is surpassed by cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), medulloblastoma, and ependymoma. The overwhelming majority…
The most common pediatric supratentorial tumors include low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma (HGG), pineal region tumors, germ cell tumors, and intraventricular tumors. In this chapter, we examine the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and relevant operative approaches for these lesions. Epidemiology Primary brain…
Introduction Brain tumors are the most common solid pediatric cancer and constitute the most frequent cause of cancer-related death in children. Pediatric brain tumors are most often located in the posterior fossa (PF). They include medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and cerebellar astrocytoma,…