Abstract This chapter discusses those soft-tissue infections that are truly life threatening. As such, early clinical recognition is the most important aspect of their clinical management. Staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndromes (referred to here as StaphTSS and StrepTSS, respectively)…
Abstract Localized purulent infections of the skin are extremely common in all parts to the world, in all age groups, and in both sexes. Staphylococcus aureus is the single most common cause of these infections; most are minor, requiring only…
Abstract Pathologically, cellulitis is defined as a diffuse area of soft tissue infection characterized by leukocytic infiltration of the dermis, capillary dilatation, and proliferation of bacteria. Clinically, cellulitis is recognized as an acute infection of the skin characterized by localized…
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Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and is the etiologic agent of cervical cancer, the majority of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, and genital warts. In the United States, vaccination to prevent HPV infection…
Abstract Hepatitis B infection is one of the most common global health problems. Persons with acute hepatitis B infection can be asymptomatic or present with hepatitis with or without jaundice. Most acute infections resolve without sequelae; however, progression to chronic…
Abstract Hepatitis A infection is the most common cause of viral hepatitis worldwide and a commonly reported vaccine-preventable disease in the United States. Clinical illness—characterized by fever, malaise, jaundice, and nausea—caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) is similar to hepatitis…
Abstract Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes primary varicella, a common childhood illness called chickenpox. This virus establishes latency and may reactivate later in life, causing herpes zoster, which is commonly called shingles or simply zoster. Although both chickenpox and zoster usually…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge Alison Margaret Kesson for her contributions as author of a prior version of this chapter. Abstract Rubella (German measles), a leading cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects, is an acute viral infection that can affect people of…