Introduction West Nile virus (WNV) was first isolated in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda and was subsequently reported in other areas of Africa, the Middle East, Europe, South Asia, and Australia. For decades, infections with WNV were…
Introduction In 2014, a rare and mysterious disease began to be seen in newborns in Brazil. Babies afflicted with this disease had several distinctive features: severe microcephaly accompanied by neurological, developmental, and prominent skull abnormalities; decreased range of motion; and,…
Introduction Dengue fever (DF) and the more serious forms of DENV infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), are currently found throughout much of the world. DF causes extreme bone pain. DHF and DSS are life-threatening, primarily…
Introduction The flaviviruses are the largest group of the Flaviviridae family that infects humans. Hepatitis C virus is also a member of the Flaviviridae family, but is not a flavivirus. Some flaviviruses cause severe pathology in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent…
Abstract Looking back at the past 100 years of medical advances in the prevention and treatment of disease, vaccination is the miracle of modern medicine. In the past 50 years, evidence suggests it has saved more lives worldwide than any other med……
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Title: Benefits and Harms of Melatonin and Hypnotics in Preventing Jet Lag in Long-Haul Air Travelers Date completed: May 7, 2015 Authors: Steven Lascher, DVM, PhD, MPH and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: Are melatonin and/or hypnotics effective preventive…
Title: Benefits and Harms of Drugs for Prevention of Chloroquine-Resistant Malaria in Travelers Date completed: April 20, 2015 Authors: Steven Lascher, DVM, PhD, MPH and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: What are the benefits and harms of drugs for…
Title: Efficacy and Safety of Vaccines for Dengue Date completed: April 22, 2015 Authors: Tatyana A. Shamliyan, MD, MS and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: What are the efficacy and safety of dengue vaccine in children and adults? What…
Title: Benefits and Harms of Immunization Against Typhoid Fever in Travelers Who Have Not Been Previously Exposed Date completed: April 23, 2015 Authors: Steven Lascher, DVM, PhD, MPH and David R. Goldmann, MD Clinical question: What are the benefits and…