Acknowledgments The authors thank Richard F. Jacobs for the previous contributions to this chapter. The genus Bartonella consists of more than 40 species, of which the best known is B. henselae. The role of B. henselae in most cases of…
In addition to organisms that cause cholera (see Chapter 158 ), several other Vibrio species cause vibriosis. These can be divided into invasive species primarily associated with bloodstream and wound infections (e.g., V. vulnificus ) and species that typically cause…
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease with great potential for epidemic spread. For centuries cholera has caused considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in the most impoverished areas of the world, where it remains a major public health challenge. Epidemic cholera…
Acknowledgments Substantial material from Jane L. Burns’ chapter in the previous edition has been used. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was originally classified as Pseudomonas. It was transferred to the genus Xanthomonas, however, and subsequently to its own genus, Stenotrophomonas, because of its…
Of the approximately 80 million people who travel from industrialized to developing countries each year, 22% to 64% of travelers report some illness. The approach to the patient requires knowledge of world geography, the epidemiology of disease patterns in 230…
Revised March 31, 2020 Pretravel management of an international traveler should be based on risk management principles. Prevention strategies and medical interventions need to be individualized according to both the itinerary and factors that are dependent on the traveler. A…
Zoonoses, derived from the Greek words for animal (zoo) and the suffix modification indicating a state or condition (sis), are infectious diseases of humans that originate in animals. Infectious diseases that originate in humans and move into other animals are…
Revised April 3, 2022 Revised February 24, 2020 The two most effective means of preventing disease, disability, and death from infectious diseases have been sanitation and immunization. Both approaches antedated understanding of the germ theory of disease. Artificial induction of…
Bite wounds are common injuries caused by a wide variety of domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. Most data on the incidence of infection, bacteriology, and the value of various medical and surgical interventions in the treatment of…
Burn Injury Injuries due to severe burns rank among the most serious forms of trauma, resulting in anatomic, physiologic, endocrine, and immunologic stresses, especially when burns involve greater than 20% of the total body surface area (TBSA). In 2015 US…