HYPOPHYSIS ( 18-1 ) The hypophysis (Greek hypo , under; physis , growth), also known as the pituitary gland , consists of two embryologically distinct tissues: 1. The adenohypophysis , the glandular epithelial portion. 2. The neurohypophysis , the neural…
STRUCTURE OF A SALIVARY GLAND ( 17-1 and 17-2 ) We start the discussion by reviewing the general organization and function of a salivary gland, in particular its branching ducts (see Box 17-A ). An initial discussion concerning the general…
SMALL INTESTINE ( 16-1 to 16-3 ) The 4- to 7-meter-long small intestine is divided into three consecutive segments: 1. Duodenum . 2. Jejunum . 3. Ileum . The duodenum is about 25 cm in length, is mainly retroperitoneal and…
Mouth (oral cavity) The oral cavity is the entrance to the digestive tube. Ingestion, partial digestion and lubrication of the food, or bolus, are the main functions of the mouth and its associated salivary glands. We study the salivary glands…
THE KIDNEYS ( 14-1 ) The urinary system consists of paired kidneys and ureters and a single urinary bladder and urethra. Each kidneys has a cortex (subdivided into outer cortex and juxtamedullary cortex) and a medulla (subdivided into outer medulla…
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses ( 13-1 ) The nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses provide an extensive surface area for: 1. Warming and moistening air. 2. Filtering dust particles present in the inspired air. In addition, the…
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ( 12-1 ) The circulation is divided into the systemic or peripheral circulation and the pulmonary circulation . Arteries transport blood under high pressure and their muscular walls are thick. The veins are conduits for transport of…
ORGANIZATION AND TYPES OF SKIN ( 11-1 ) The integument is the largest organ of the body. It consists of two components: 1. The skin . 2. The epidermal derivatives , such as nails, hair and glands (sweat and sebaceous…
COMPONENTS OF THE IMMUNE–LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ( 10-1 and 10-2 ) The lymphatic system includes primary and secondary lymphoid organs . The primary lymphoid organs produce the cell components of the immune system (see 10-1 ). They are: 1. The bone…
EYE ( 9-1 ) The eyeball consists of three tunics or layers , which, from outside to inside, are: 1. The sclera and the cornea . 2. The uvea . 3. The retina . Three distinct and interconnected chambers are…