Arterial or venous thromboembolism is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Arterial thrombosis is the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and limb gangrene, whereas deep vein thrombosis can lead to pulmonary embolism, which can be…
Morbidity and mortality from atherosclerosis, the pathologic process underlying acute myocardial infarction, sudden death, stroke, and limb loss, represent an enormous burden on society and health care systems (see Chapter 144, Chapter 145, Chapter 146 ). Even though death rates…
Pregnant persons and those who are postpartum are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although pregnancy-related VTE can affect any part of the venous circulation, as in the non-pregnant population, it most commonly manifests as deep vein thrombosis (DVT)…
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT commonly affects the deep veins of the legs, and infrequently involves veins at other anatomical sites (such as upper extremity, splanchnic, or cerebral veins). Thrombotic occlusion of…
Antiphospholipid (aPL) syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombophilic syndrome for which definitive disease mechanisms have not been established. The condition is defined and diagnosed by a constellation of clinical and laboratory criteria, detailed below. This chapter reviews the current understanding…
Arterial and venous thromboses are common problems for all clinicians. Some patients with thrombosis have an underlying hypercoagulable state. These hypercoagulable states can be divided into three categories: inherited disorders, acquired disorders, and those that are mixed in origin. Inherited…
A variety of disorders, including infectious or inflammatory conditions and malignant disease, will lead to activation of coagulation. In many cases, this activation of coagulation will not lead to clinical complications and will not even be detected by routine laboratory…
This chapter reviews products available to treat deficiencies of plasma coagulation proteins. The development of blood component therapy and subsequently protein concentrates that are enriched in particular coagulation factors and other proteins made possible the effective treatment of bleeding episodes…
The term “rare coagulation factor deficiency” refers to disorders of thrombin and/or fibrin formation caused by mutations in a single gene, other than those for von Willebrand factor (see Chapter 133 ), factor VIII, or factor IX (see Chapter 134…
Hemophilia is the most common, severe inherited bleeding disorder recognized in humans. The X-linked mode of inheritance has been appreciated since biblical times, and the previous occurrence of the disease in the European royal family has added further interest in…